Skin Cancer
Information submitted by Sally Richenbacher, R.N., M.Ed, Parish Nurse
There is a high prevalence of skin cancer in the today’s population and it is worth elaborating on some of the information that is in the media.
Skin cancers begin in the layers of skin called the epidermis and the dermis. Normally, as new cells are produced in the epidermis and dermis the old cells are pushed to the surface and die off. A mutation in the DNA of the cells causes them to rapidly multiply and continue growing instead of dying off. The accumulation of abnormal cells may form a cancerous tumor.
Basal Cell and Squamous cell are the most common types of cancerous tumors and are usually found on the area’s most often exposed to sun—the face, head and neck—but may be found on other parts of the body. These do not usually become invasive but should be removed in order to prevent more serious problems. Basal cell and Squamous cell cancers accounted for 2 million cases last year with 3,090 deaths.
Melanoma, on the other hand, though not as common, is a highly dangerous and invasive type of skin cancer. More than 68,000 Americans were diagnosed with this type of cancer last year, and about 8,700 died, according to the National Cancer Institute
Melanoma is more likely to spread to other part of the body and is difficult to treat. When found in the early-stage it has a survival rate of 98%, if it has spread to the lymph nodes it drops to 62% and drops still further to 15% if it has spread to other organs. Currently there is extensive research being done on treatment for Melanoma.
Melanoma develops in the cell that produces Melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. This type of skin cancer may appear flat or raised, dark brown or black patches (moles); yet some have no color. Therefore, according to the American Academy of Dermatology, if you have a history of moles watch them for: A-assymetry, B-border irregular, C-color change, D-diameter growth of ¼ inch, E- evolving changes (growth, color).
Prevent skin cancer from occurring by: wearing sunscreen daily when outdoors and reapply every 30 minutes if swimming or perspiring, cover up with hat and shirt when outdoors, remember that cloudy days can be just as damaging to the skin as a sunny one, and avoid tanning beds.
Know your skin and note if you see changes that might necessitate seeing your physician and/or dermatologist. Early detection and diagnosis will be beneficial in keeping you healthy. Don’t delay!
And, remember, have fun in the sun but be wise!